glossaire

Adresse IP (Internet protocol)
Single identificator of a PC connected to Internet : It is with this identificator (example 128.121.4.5) that two computers can communicate via Internet Network.

Anchoring/Ancrage
Sentence or word insert on a web page. When a user selects a link, the navigator jumps to l'ancrage which can be located in the same document (page)or to another one.

Applet
Informatic program written in Java TM language.

@ (arobace)
Caractère d’imprimerie Print caracter used in Internet field to separe the name of the user of the service to the hosting service wher is located his mailbox Remarque : @ pronounce « at », example user@mail pronounce « user at mail ».

Authentification
L’authentification is a process which allows to identify people or entities which exchanges datas on Internet.

Back-office
On a E-commerce web site, all the functionalities gathering orders, payement, elctronic bill ordering notification...It is the complementary element of the front office.(catalogue)

Bndwhith ande passante
Largerof the transmission lines : it measures the number of datas able to pass during the same time, it is measured on Bits/seconds or Octets/secondse

Banners
Les The advertising banners are usually placed on the biggest directories, portals, where there is a maximum of visits in order to be seem. They are a direct link towards the site of the announcer

Baud
Speed unit of datas tranmission from a modem to another dipositive. This unit measure at a technical level the quantity of elements or change of signal by second.

Bit
« Binary digit ». Basic Unit in informatic code represented by 0 or 1.

Bit/second
Le bit/second is the unit to measure the debit.

Bottons
The boutons are usually the equivalent of a quater of a traditional banner. When a E-commerce web site is referenced on another site (portal or directory) it is offered to it to benefit from a botton of the site which reference it. This process vehicule the brand image more than just an image.

Browser/ navigator
Software of navigation or consultation of the World Wide Web which allows to visualize web pages.

Chat /conversation
Interconnected Program which allows various users to "dialogue" in real time . For that, they just have to write their messages on their computers and then, sent them in a local network or on Internet.

CGI (Common Gateway Interface)
Technic of programation which allows a web server (via a form for example) to adapt, treate and send back (to the navigator) datas.

Clicks
It is the number of users whop have click on a banner or direct link on a web site through another web site.

Client / Server
A blueprint of application where treatments and datas are dispatched between a client (interface to the users) and a server. In the framework of Internet Intranet the clients are the navigators (Netscape Navigator or Microsoft Explorer). The servers can be any computer which have a server process httpd.

Compteur
Program (CGI) integrated inside a web page which registers the number of visiters who are connected to this page.

Cookies
Files recorded on the user's hard disk during a visit on a web site.These files are usually set up automatically without than tue user can know it and allows its editor of the web site to recognized the user everytime he comes back on the site.Thus, the editor can offer to the visitor a dedicated information in regards of his last courses.

Content Contenu
Combinaison of text , pictures, sounds files, datasor any other information presented on a web site.

CPM
The cost for thousand corresponds to the costs of an advert banner for a thousand impressions. It is calculated on the number of time that the banner is printed. It depends on its position.

Cryptage
Technic of securisation of the datas. Action to make a message unitelligible by using code figures.

Cyber
Prefixe for any terms concerning informatic or Internet. For example, if you set up a computer in your favroute coffe shop, this one will be a cyber-café.

Cyberspace
Espace virtual space without frontiers where information are send by computers programs, and audio and video support phone, television, by cable or sattelites.

Domain
Single Adress of an Internet web site. To be used the name must be recorded and registered before it the web site is on line. Then, it becomes your exclusive property (as a trademark) without any limits in time.

Dial-up
it is used for internet network connexions which use a phone number. This term named temporary connexions in opposition with permanent connexions with rented lines.

DNS (Domain Name Service)
Domain caracterised the network on which the computer is located usually it is the name of the country . For example for a french server: server.fr where fr mean the name of the French sub-

EDI
« Electronic Data Interchange » or Exchange of Datas Informatised. Technic which allows to replace paper exchange documents on electronic exchanges.

Editor HTML
Software of help to creation documents with HTML language

E-comm (electronic commerce)
Term covering thefollowing fields: banking, trade on line securing payement on internet.

E-mail (electronic mail)
Single Internet address which allows to receive (text files, sounds, images, animation) from anywhere in the world in few minutes.

On line En ligne
Connected to Internet.

Extranet
Site of a company shared with various offices. For example, a multinational company can have a web site dedicated to its employees (located in a country and allows access to all its other offices via a telephone network or dedicated lines).

bookmark or signets Favoris
List of your favourites web sites directly avaible from your navigator.

FAQ ( Frequently Asked Questions)
Document which gathered all the different questions and answers frequently asked on a subject.

Optic Fiber/ Fibre optique
Fiber which guide electronics waves it is a quick transmission way of telecommunication.

Firewall
System of protection which allows separation and safety interconnexion of networks.

Forums (newsgroupe)
Groups of Internet users who have virtual meetings in order to talk about subjects and common interests.

ISP Internet Service Provider
Fournisseur d’accès Internet
It is a supplier of services who allows to get connected on Internet

Freeware
It is a version of software complete or not available and free of charge. This kind of software is usually avaible on Internet.

Front-office
Software of creation and managment of on line catalogue for E-commerce.

FTP (File Transfert Protocol)
File Transfert Protocol is an informatic protocol dedicated to Internet which allows files transfert between distant computers.

Hosting company hébergeur
Company of services which offer to set up clients Web servers on dedicated stations connected to Internet network. For E-commerce, the trade of hosting is more complex because of the various technologies required and the datas security.

Hits
The number of hits correspond to the number of files dowloaded when a web site is called.

HTML (Hyper Text Markup Langage)
Language of description of a page from the standard SGML. A page that you see on the Internet is a text file on which code has been addited . The codes or balises are interpreted by your navigator and translated into caracters, margins, or any other formats.

HTTP (Hyper Text Transport Protocol)
Protocol of transmission between a client to a web. when you are connected on a web page a program calls server HTTP brings it to your computer. (this program working on the computer on the computer where the files of the web site are stocked)

Hypertext
A hypertext link is a textual element or not which is based on a web page: by clicking on this element you have access to another point of the page or to another page

Image reactive
Clickable image present on a web page.

Internaute
Surfer, Internet traveller

Internet
Virtual network and worldwide of computers which share the protocol TCP/IP.

Intranet
Internet network of a company.

IP (Internet Protocol)
Protocole uses for interconnexion of two sub-network developped in the framework of the American Defense (project DARPA).

IRC (Internet Relay Chat)
The protocol IRC is a discussion plateform for internet users.

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
One of the design format uses on Internet. The files using this format are compressed (their content is the result of a code which minimized the volume of information required to read the original image)

LAN
Acronym of Local Area Network, a network which links two or several computers in a relative restrictive area, usually inside an organization, to exchange and share files.

Listserv
Groups of programs which generate lists of diffusion by dispatching additing or refusing automatically messages send on these lists.

Hot List
List created by its user, in which he can place links servershe want to reach directly.

Login
Identifiant of a user.

Mainframe
Central computer.

Marketing direct
Everything a cxompany can use to touch its customersor propects individuals or professionals.This contact go to a simple information... to sale at distance, to surveys, promotion incentive or advertising...

Mégaoctet
Unit which calculate the size of an electronic file around one million octects.

Measure of audience
it can quantitative or qualitative.The measure of audience correspond to the number of pages seen on the net. It is measured with statistic methods ( a various tools are today available on the market and on specifics web sites inmeasure of clicks).

Modem
Acronym of modulator / demodulator, an equipment which connect a computer to other computers or to Internet by standard telephone line. A modem can be internal, intergrated to the PC or external. A external modem is a case-makerwhich connect a computer to a telephone line.

Search Engine
Moteur de recherche
Programm or service uses to localised files on an Intrante or on the web. The access to a search engine is usually done with the help of a navigator such as Internet Explorer of Microsoft.

Multimedia
Term meaning all contents which combine text, graphics, sound or video files.

Net
The term Net, with a « N » in capital letter, is an abreviation of Internet..

Netiquette
Combinaison of net and etique which represents the rules of good manners and optimisation on Internet.

Secure electronic paiement
Standard SET : Secure electronic transaction is a standard of secure transactions on Internet which is close to the system of the Electronic Purse. It works with an cipher's key of identification to its customers.

Octet
Codage of a graphic symbol or a data (1 graphic symbol, 1 color, 1 figure...) 1 octect= 8 bits (following of 0 or 1 example 01000110)

On-line
Means all equipment which function in conection with another equipment.

Off-line
Mode of functionment of an equipment with execute a task without being connected to a network.

Pages view
The number of pages view is an indice for advertisers. It corresponds indeed to the number of Web pages that a visitor dowloaded when he goes to a web site.

lHome page/Page d’accuei
Starting page of a web site.

Plug-in
Programm which is available on a web navigator. It functionnality is to be a part of the navigator.

Electronic Purse
Porte-monnaie électronique
An electronic purse allows to its users to credit a virtual account which will be gradually be debited at the rythm of its purchases

Protocole
The whole rules and standards establish for the data communication on a network especially on Internet. Computers and networks communicate with protocoles which define their mutual behaviour in order to execute information tranfert.

Push
System which allows to deliver automatically information to user connected to Internet (it could be an advertisement, the latest stocks reports, the weather bulletin, or your favourites printer pilots).

Virtual Reality/
Réalité virtuelle
Space in three dimensions created y informatics

Referencing/Référencement
Following which constists to announce and register to engines and directories and to users a web site.

Network/Réseau
All devices which allow information exchange between computers (Intranet, Internet, Extranet)

Web Server (server httpd)
It is a program which transacts requests sent by customer computers (that is to say you). It is usually assimilate to the computer programm of the computer which executes it.When you are connected to a site, you send a request to the server (on which turns the detached process, the demon httpd), it answers you by sending you back an HTML page.

On line service
Service en ligne
Prestation of services by the mean of Internet network. It is for example subscription to information or financial report presented in a structured way. Among the main on line providers you will find America on line (AOL), CompuServe and MSN Microsoft Network.

Signature
Function of the e-mail software or the Usenet which automatically named the author of the message or/and his origine.

Site
All the Web pages located in a same server and interconnected with hypertext links.

SLIP
Acronym of Serial Line Interface Protocol a kind of commuted protocol uses to connect a computer to Internet.

SPAM
Electronic information mailing various, with most of the time advertising messages sent to people who are not targeted.

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
Protocol for messagery

To Surf / Surfer
Slang which significate "to navigate on Internet"

TCP/IP
Combinaison of acronymsof Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol, the two protocoles mastered how computers and networks manage the transfer of information on Internet.

Download Téléchargement
Process which aims to ask and transfer a folder to a distant computer to a local one, then to save this folder on teh local computer. This process is usually done with a modem or a network.

Real Time / Temps réel
Real time required for a task to be executed. Thetraitment of information is instantly done without any delay of respond.

Telnet
Program of emumlation of terminal which allows a user to connect to another computer, especially to big computers like the one which host catalogue of electronic libraries by the Telnet the user obtains access to data bases.

Tracking
The tracking is a new services more and more developped by E-commerce web site.It allows to the client/ purchaser to follow all the steps of its order to its delivery.(EDI)

UNIX
Exploitation System developped in the USA at the latest 60's which the main caracteristic its to allow the independance of the applications from hardware constructors.

URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
Scheme of the address which defines with exactitude the place of Internet resources

Usenet
Information telematic service on which users can exchange information, ideas, advice and opinions.

Visioconference or videoconference
Conference allowing tramission of sounds and graphics documents, animated pictures of the participants by the Internet network or by dedicated lines which connected users.

VRML (Virtual Reality Modelling Language)
Language which allows to create web site in 3 Dimension.

WAP (Wireless Application Protocol)
Standard of transmission of datas which allows reception on compatible mobile phone, text information and/or graphic (Rate of Stock exchange, restaurants guidelines, electronic commerce...)

Webmaster
Name given to the person in charge of the management of an Internet web site. Also called, "Web site administrator"

Workflow
Management of the circulation of information in order to optimise flows. Workflow represents one of the main application of Intranet and Extranet.

W3C (WWW Consortium)
Organism which establish all the new Internet standards (such as HTTP, CGI, HTML, etc…)

WWW (World Wide Web)
Familiar name given to the Web. It is a worldwide cobweb, that is to say the graphic part of the Internet. It is a gathering of protocoles, folder structures and syntaxes. The web has been created by the laboratory of hight energies in the CERN in Geneva, initially to provide a friendly mode to exchange information for its researchers Community.